See cwáHdah on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬛𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬛𐬀 (spāda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬛𐬀 (spāda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬜𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬜𐬀 (spāδa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬜𐬀 (spāδa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*spāda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian: *spāda\nOssetian: ӕфса́д (æfsád)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian: *spāda\nOssetian: ӕфса́д (æfsád)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼹",
"ts": "əspāδ"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼹 (ʾspʾδ /əspāδ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼹 (ʾspʾδ /əspāδ/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "سپا",
"tr": "sipa"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: سپا (sipa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: سپا (sipa), سوپا (supa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "sipa"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: sipa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: sipa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*spāδā"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *spāδā\n→ Old Persian: *spādā, 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (spādaʰ)\nMiddle Persian: [script needed] (*spʾd /*spāy/)\n→ Old Armenian: սպայ (spay)\nArmenian: սպա (spa)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *spāδā\n→ Old Persian: *spādā, 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (spādaʰ)\nMiddle Persian: [script needed] (*spʾd /*spāy/)\n→ Old Armenian: սպայ (spay)\nArmenian: սպա (spa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "*spāδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: *spāδ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: *spāδ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫀𐫅",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "ispāδ"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫀𐫅 (ʿspʾd /ispāδ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫀𐫅 (ʿspʾd /ispāδ/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱweh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱweh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌",
"pos": "inf.",
"t": "to swell, increase"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, “to swell, increase”, inf.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "σοδο",
"t": "plenty",
"ts": "sūd"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian σοδο (sodo /sūd/, “plenty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "swd",
"ts": "sūd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (swd /sūd/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शवस्",
"3": "",
"4": "strength, superiority"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps an extension of Proto-Indo-European *ḱweh₁-, *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be great”). Possible cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, “to swell, increase”, inf.), Bactrian σοδο (sodo /sūd/, “plenty”), Middle Persian [script needed] (swd /sūd/), [script needed] (swwd /sūd/, “profit, advantage”), Sanskrit शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ira-decl-noun-auto",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāhah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāhah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdānh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāyš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdahya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdayāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdānaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHday",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdayaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdayšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*cwáHdah m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ira-decl-noun-auto"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwáHdah",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parthian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cwaHdapatiš"
}
],
"glosses": [
"army"
],
"id": "en-cwáHdah-ira-pro-noun-sv1c26Kx",
"links": [
[
"army",
"army"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "cwáHdah"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "cwaHdapatiš"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬛𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬛𐬀 (spāda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬛𐬀 (spāda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬜𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬜𐬀 (spāδa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁𐬜𐬀 (spāδa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*spāda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian: *spāda\nOssetian: ӕфса́д (æfsád)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Scythian: *spāda\nOssetian: ӕфса́д (æfsád)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼹",
"ts": "əspāδ"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼹 (ʾspʾδ /əspāδ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐼰𐼹 (ʾspʾδ /əspāδ/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "سپا",
"tr": "sipa"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: سپا (sipa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: سپا (sipa), سوپا (supa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "sipa"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: sipa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: sipa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*spāδā"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *spāδā\n→ Old Persian: *spādā, 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (spādaʰ)\nMiddle Persian: [script needed] (*spʾd /*spāy/)\n→ Old Armenian: սպայ (spay)\nArmenian: սպա (spa)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *spāδā\n→ Old Persian: *spādā, 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (spādaʰ)\nMiddle Persian: [script needed] (*spʾd /*spāy/)\n→ Old Armenian: սպայ (spay)\nArmenian: սպա (spa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "*spāδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: *spāδ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: *spāδ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫀𐫅",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "ispāδ"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫀𐫅 (ʿspʾd /ispāδ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫀𐫅 (ʿspʾd /ispāδ/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱweh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱweh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌",
"pos": "inf.",
"t": "to swell, increase"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, “to swell, increase”, inf.)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "σοδο",
"t": "plenty",
"ts": "sūd"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian σοδο (sodo /sūd/, “plenty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "swd",
"ts": "sūd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (swd /sūd/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शवस्",
"3": "",
"4": "strength, superiority"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps an extension of Proto-Indo-European *ḱweh₁-, *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, be great”). Possible cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, “to swell, increase”, inf.), Bactrian σοδο (sodo /sūd/, “plenty”), Middle Persian [script needed] (swd /sūd/), [script needed] (swwd /sūd/, “profit, advantage”), Sanskrit शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ira-decl-noun-auto",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāhah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāhah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdānh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāyš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdāy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdaybʰyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdahya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdayāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdānaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHday",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdayaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "cwáHdayšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*cwáHdah m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ira-decl-noun-auto"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwáHdah",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Parthian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"glosses": [
"army"
],
"links": [
[
"army",
"army"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "cwáHdah"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cwáHdah meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.